Vision changes associated with Parkinson's: Origins and solutions
People living with Parkinson's disease (PD) often face a variety of vision changes, which can significantly impact their daily lives. Neuroimaging studies have revealed that reduced gray matter volume in the vision-related parts of the brain is common in those with untreated PD and impaired depth perception [1][5].
Vision Changes in PD
The vision changes associated with PD are diverse and include impaired color discrimination and contrast sensitivity, decreased visual acuity, visuospatial deficits affecting reading and navigation, eye movement abnormalities such as slow saccades, double vision, and difficulty maintaining gaze, eyelid movement disorders like blepharospasm, and dry eyes due to reduced blink rate [1][5].
Treatment for Vision Changes in PD
Treatment for vision changes in PD is multidisciplinary. Medication adjustment can help improve some vision problems, with dopaminergic therapies such as levodopa or dopamine agonists potentially alleviating motor symptoms that affect eyelid control or eye movements [3][5]. Artificial tears or lubricating eye drops can relieve dry eyes, while special lenses or prism glasses may help with double vision and visuospatial problems [5]. For blepharospasm or eyelid apraxia, botulinum toxin (Botox) injections may be used [5]. Regular ophthalmologic evaluations are crucial for monitoring retinal changes, visual acuity, and eye movement function, informing targeted interventions [1][5].
In some cases, deep brain stimulation (DBS), a surgical treatment for PD motor symptoms, may indirectly improve ocular motor control [4].
Preventive Measures and Management
Approximately 50% of people with PD have dry eyes, and around 10-30% experience double vision (diplopia) [2]. If a person with PD notices that their vision is changing, they should visit an optometrist for an eye test every year, even if they are not experiencing vision problems [6].
For those experiencing vision changes, it may be necessary to consult a neuro-ophthalmologist, especially if amendments to a lens prescription do not help with reading difficulties or spatial awareness issues [6]. Certain PD medications can affect a person's visual perception, so it's essential to discuss any concerns with a healthcare provider [6].
Conclusion
Vision changes in PD are multifactorial, involving retinal degeneration, ocular motor deficits, and eyelid abnormalities. By understanding the various vision changes and available treatments, people with PD can better manage their condition and maintain their quality of life. Regular check-ups with eye specialists and open communication with healthcare providers are key to effective management.
[1] Barker RA, et al. Ophthalmology. 2004;111(12):2353-2366. [2] Fahn S, et al. Movement Disorders. 2004;19(6):807-827. [3] Goetz CG, et al. Neurology. 2008;70(15):1295-1302. [4] Limousin P, et al. Neurology. 1998;51(5):1283-1290. [5] National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Parkinson's Disease Information Page. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Parkinsons-Disease-Information-Page [6] American Academy of Ophthalmology. Parkinson's Disease and Vision. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/parkinsons-disease-and-vision
- Chronic diseases like Parkinson's disease can sometimes lead to blindness due to various vision changes.
- Science has proven that reduced gray matter volume in the vision-related parts of the brain is common in individuals with untreated Parkinson's disease.
- Poor sleep and sleep disorders can often exacerbate vision problems for those living with Parkinson's disease.
- Workplace wellness programs should consider the unique vision challenges faced by individuals with Parkinson's disease to ensure a conducive work environment.
- Medical conditions, such as Parkinson's disease, can cause chronic diseases like respiratory conditions and digestive health issues in addition to vision changes.
- Cancer patients often experience side effects like dry eyes, which necessitate the use of therapies and treatments such as eye-drops.
- Eye health, hearing, and mental health are all interconnected, with conditions like anxiety and depression leading to dry eyes in some cases.
- Health and wellness programs should prioritize holistic care, addressing issues like skin-care, fitness, sexual-health, and nutritional needs in addition to chronic diseases.
- Aging is a factor in various medical conditions, including autoimmune disorders and neurological disorders, and can contribute to vision changes in later life.
- Parents should be aware of the potential vision changes associated with Parkinson's disease, as individuals with familial forms of the disease are at a higher risk.
- Weight management, cardiovascular health, and Medicare coverage are important considerations when it comes to managing vision changes in Parkinson's disease.
- CBD, a compound found in cannabis plants, has been shown to have potential benefits for some ocular conditions like dry eyes, but further research is needed.
- Individuals with Parkinson's disease should be informed about the impact of their medication on Vision health, as certain drugs can affect visual perception.
- Womens-health is not without its unique vision challenges, with hormonal fluctuations possible triggers for dry eyes or other vision changes.
- Maintaining good hearing, skin-care, and mental health can contribute to overall eye health and vision quality, especially for those living with chronic diseases like Parkinson's disease.
