Symptoms, Causes and Remedies of Serum Sickness
Serum sickness and serum sickness-like reactions (SSLR) are two types of hypersensitivity reactions that can occur in response to certain medications or treatments. While both reactions are classified as type III hypersensitivity reactions, they differ in several ways.
Serum sickness is a systemic reaction that occurs after exposure to an antigen, such as an injection of antivenom after a venomous snake bite, or a new medication for an autoimmune condition like arthritis. In contrast, the antibodies causing Arthus reactions are pre-existing.
If a person experiences symptoms of serum sickness, such as fever, rash, joint pain, and swollen lymph nodes, after taking a new medication that contains non-human proteins, they should contact their doctor immediately. Repeated exposure to the causative agents of serum sickness can lead to severe complications, including renal failure and death. However, the outlook for serum sickness reactions is usually positive, with symptoms resolving within a few weeks after a person stops taking the medication.
Serum sickness is most commonly caused by protein-based treatments like antithymocyte globulin (eATG), which is used in treatments such as severe aplastic anemia. The incidence of serum sickness in treated patients is around 7%, with symptoms typically appearing 8 to 13 days after exposure. Other medications that can cause serum sickness or SSLR include β-lactam antibiotics like amoxicillin and cefclor, as well as certain anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen and acetaminophen.
On the other hand, SSLR are often triggered by small molecule drugs, especially certain antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs. While SSLR present similarly to serum sickness, they are not the same condition and may require different treatments.
Doctors can help find out more about the causes of the immune reaction and prescribe medications to control and ease the symptoms of serum sickness. Severe symptoms or continuous exposure to the causative agent may prolong the recovery time for serum sickness. It is important to identify the medication causing an immune response in serum sickness so a person can stop taking it.
In summary, understanding serum sickness and SSLR is crucial for those taking medications containing non-human proteins or small molecule drugs. By being aware of the potential risks and seeking medical attention promptly, individuals can manage their symptoms and reduce the likelihood of complications.
- In addition to serum sickness, other immunedisorders may arise from exposure to certain substances or medical-conditions, such as chronic diseases like cancer.
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