Struggling with excessive emotional distress upon separation in adulthood: Managing excessive emotional bonding concerns
In the realm of mental health, separation anxiety is often associated with childhood development. However, it can also affect adults, causing persistent fear and reluctance about being alone or without major attachment figures. This condition, known as Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder (ASAD), can significantly impact an individual's daily life.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) lists eight symptoms of ASAD, with at least three of these symptoms needing to persist for roughly six months in adults. These symptoms include persistent and excessive worry about experiencing an untoward event that causes separation from a major attachment figure, repeated complaints of physical symptoms like headaches, stomachaches, or nausea when separation occurs or is anticipated, and recurrent excessive distress when anticipating or experiencing separation from home or from major attachment figures.
Causes of ASAD are multifaceted. While the link between negative aspects of formative relationships in childhood and ASAD is unclear, research suggests that early family adversity or dysfunction may contribute to its development. Perceived parental rejection and parental overprotectiveness in childhood are also associated with ASAD in adults. Genetics also play a role, with a heritability of 73% estimated from twin studies.
Treatment options for ASAD typically involve a combination of psychotherapy, medication, and lifestyle changes. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a widely used and effective therapy, helping individuals identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors associated with separation anxiety. Exposure Therapy, which involves gradually exposing the individual to the feared situation, is another effective approach. Group Therapy provides support and coping strategies from others with similar experiences.
Medication such as Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) are commonly prescribed due to their effectiveness in reducing symptoms. Benzodiazepines, though typically used short-term due to potential for dependence, can offer quick relief from intense anxiety.
Lifestyle changes also play a crucial role in managing ASAD. Mindfulness and relaxation techniques, maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, and sufficient sleep can support mental health. Building relationships with supportive friends, family, and mental health professionals can be essential.
In addition to these traditional treatments, alternative approaches such as psychoeducation, mindfulness-based interventions, journaling, couples therapy, family counseling, systematic desensitization or graduated exposure therapy, and acceptance and commitment therapy may also be beneficial.
It's important to note that every individual's experience with ASAD is unique, and treatment should be tailored to suit the specific needs and circumstances of each person. Acknowledging fear and releasing it, and being more mindful of the present moment, can help alleviate separation anxiety in adults.
Love can still be experienced with ASAD, but it's crucial to avoid clinging and longing to avoid suffering. The concept of attachment in Buddhism is associated with suffering, and it's important to let go of clinging and longing to avoid inflicting suffering on oneself.
Life stress, transitions, and events, especially loss, can trigger ASAD in adults. Exposure to major disasters or trauma, and related fear for personal safety, may also cause ASAD. Complicated grief may lead to ASAD in adults.
In conclusion, Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder is a complex condition that can significantly impact an individual's life. Understanding its symptoms, causes, and available treatment options is the first step towards managing and overcoming it. Seeking professional guidance and building a strong support network are crucial in this journey.
Scientists and health-and-wellness professionals should explore alternative treatments such as psychoeducation, mindfulness-based interventions, journaling, couples therapy, family counseling, systematic desensitization or graduated exposure therapy, and acceptance and commitment therapy for Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder (ASAD), as these approaches may provide additional benefits beyond traditional treatments.
In the pursuit of managing ASAD, mental health professionals should also address the role of love and attachment in exacerbating symptoms, urging patients to avoid clinging and longing to prevent unnecessary suffering. This understanding can be drawn from the concept of attachment in Buddhism.
