Rare NMO Disorder Affects Optic Nerve and Spinal Cord
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), a rare chronic autoimmune disorder, primarily affects the optic nerve and spinal cord, leading to eye pain and vision loss. Less than 5 per 100,000 people are diagnosed with NMO, with women in their 30s and 40s being predominantly affected. Unlike multiple sclerosis (MS), NMO attacks are more severe but do not progress independently.
NMO is caused by the body's immune system malfunctioning, creating antibodies that target specific proteins. Anti-AQP4 and anti-MOG antibodies are commonly found in NMO patients. Diagnosis involves reviewing medical history, symptoms, and conducting blood or CSF tests for these antibodies, along with imaging studies like X-rays and MRI scans.
There is no cure for NMO, but treatments focus on managing acute flare-ups, preventing recurrences, and relieving symptoms. Common treatments include biologics such as Soliris, Uplinza, and Enspryng, steroids, plasma exchange, immunosuppression, and symptom management medications. Risk factors for NMO include gastrointestinal infections, vitamin D deficiency, smoking, and having other autoimmune diseases.
NMO is a distinct condition from MS, with unique causes and treatments. It affects less than 5 per 100,000 people, predominantly young women. While there is no cure, treatments focus on controlling attacks, preventing recurrences, and managing symptoms. Early diagnosis and proper management can help patients navigate periods of relapse and remission.
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