MS Treatments Evolve: New Oral Drugs Slow Progression, Reduce Symptoms
Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic condition impacting the central nervous system, has no known cure. However, various treatment options have surfaced to slow its progression and manage symptoms. These include disease-modifying drugs (DMTs) and other medications, each with its unique benefits and potential drawbacks.
MS causes inflammation and damage to the myelin sheath protecting nerves. DMTs aim to reduce this damage and control symptoms. One of the earliest oral DMTs, Gilenya (fingolimod), approved in 2010, reduces relapses and slows disease progression. Aubagio (teriflunomide), approved in 2012, also lowers relapse rates and slows brain volume loss.
Other notable DMTs include Ocrelizumab, which has shown significant effectiveness in reducing disease activity compared to Interferon beta and Fingolimod. Lemtrada (alemtuzumab), a humanized monoclonal antibody, can reduce relapse rates and disability progression when given as an IV infusion.
Tecfidera (dimethyl fumarate), approved in 2013, stops the immune system from attacking itself and destroying myelin. Its cousin, Vumerity (diroximel fumarate), offers similar benefits with fewer digestive side effects. Bafiertam (monomethyl fumarate) is another oral medication with a similar profile, approved for various MS types.
MS treatment has evolved significantly, with numerous oral DMTs now available. These drugs aim to slow progression, reduce symptoms, and improve function. However, treatment may change if a better option emerges, and long-term management with DMTs is common. People with MS and their healthcare providers must weigh the benefits and potential side effects of each option to determine the best course of treatment.
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