Height Malady: Signs, reasons, and remedies explained
In the realm of high-altitude travel and trekking, altitude sickness can pose a significant challenge. Known by various names such as acute mountain sickness, altitude illness, hypobaropathy, Acosta disease, puna, and soroche, this condition occurs at altitudes higher than 8,000 feet (2,500 meters) due to a lack of oxygen.
Symptoms of altitude sickness can range from mild to severe and may include a persistent headache that does not respond to painkillers, dizziness, insomnia, shortness of breath upon exertion, and feeling sleepy. More serious signs may indicate swelling of the brain, such as a persistent headache that does not respond to painkillers, unsteady gait or clumsiness, increased vomiting, changes in consciousness, numbness, and dizziness. In extreme cases, fluid can accumulate in the lungs (High Altitude Pulmonary Edema, or HAPE) or the brain (High Altitude Cerebral Edema, or HACE), which can be fatal if left untreated.
To mitigate the risks associated with altitude sickness, several prevention strategies can be employed. Ascending gradually is key, limiting elevation gain to about 1,600 feet (500 meters) per day once above 8,000 feet (2,400 meters). This allows the body time to acclimate at each level. Spending a night at an intermediate elevation (e.g., Denver at 5,000 feet before going higher) is also beneficial.
Hydration plays a crucial role in preventing altitude sickness. Drinking plenty of fluids regularly is essential, but avoiding overhydration is equally important. Alcohol and caffeinated drinks should be avoided as they can worsen dehydration.
Limiting physical activity and allowing sufficient rest while acclimatizing is also important to avoid overexertion, which can exacerbate symptoms. Maintaining a nutritious diet rich in complex carbohydrates provides sustained energy, while avoiding heavy, fatty, and junk foods that are harder to digest at altitude.
For those at high risk, medications like acetazolamide (Diamox) or nifedipine may be prescribed to help prevent altitude sickness, but they should be used under medical supervision. In severe cases, pure oxygen can help those with breathing problems caused by altitude sickness.
Recognising symptoms and descending if needed is crucial. If mild symptoms develop, descending to a lower altitude may be necessary to prevent progression. Severe symptoms require immediate descent and medical attention.
Other considerations include avoiding tranquilizers or sleeping pills, which can worsen conditions, and being aware of any preexisting illnesses (like colds or ear infections) which may increase the risk of altitude sickness.
For those who find themselves with symptoms of altitude sickness, the best action is to descend to a lower altitude. Medications such as acetaminophens, like Tylenol, can be taken for headaches caused by altitude sickness. In cases where a rapid descent is not possible, a Gamow bag – a portable hyperbaric chamber – can be used.
In the unfortunate event of chronic mountain sickness, or Monge's disease, developing after a person spends an extended time living at high altitudes, it is important to seek medical attention promptly.
By adhering to these prevention strategies, travellers and trekkers can significantly improve their body's ability to adjust to lower oxygen levels and reduce the risk of altitude sickness during high-altitude travel or trekking.
- The field of science continuously explores various therapies and treatments for chronic diseases like chronic mountain sickness, also known as Monge's disease.
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