G6PD Deficiency: Common Yet Serious African Health Issue
G6PD deficiency, a common genetic condition, affects up to 20% of people in Africa, predominantly males. It's caused by a lack of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme, leading to red blood cell damage. Symptoms can range from mild to severe, including hemolytic anemia, jaundice, and hearing disorders.
G6PD deficiency is diagnosed through a simple blood test checking G6PD enzyme levels and other red blood cell information. While many carriers don't show symptoms, triggers like eating fava beans, certain infections, or specific drugs can cause hemolytic anemia, leading to fatigue, yellowing of the skin and eyes, shortness of breath, and other symptoms.
The condition is inherited from parents, with males more frequently affected due to their single X chromosome. Risk factors include being male, of African or Middle Eastern descent, or having a family history of the condition. G6PD's role is to maintain red blood cell health, and its deficiency can lead to premature red blood cell destruction.
G6PD deficiency is a significant health issue, particularly in Africa. Early diagnosis through simple blood tests is crucial for managing the condition and preventing severe symptoms. Awareness of triggers and regular check-ups are essential for those at risk.
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