Connection Between Breast and Ovarian Cancer: Identified Factors Increasing Risk
Breast and ovarian cancers share a strong genetic link, particularly in cases involving BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations. These mutations significantly increase the risk of both cancers.
The connection between breast and ovarian cancer is multifaceted, with shared genetic and lifestyle factors contributing to the risk. Older age, overweight or obesity, and having a first child later in life are common risk factors for both cancers. People can influence some of these risks, such as achieving and maintaining a moderate weight.
Those who have had breast cancer face a higher risk of developing ovarian cancer, particularly if the breast cancer has links to genetic mutations such as BRCA1 or BRCA2. Research suggests that people with breast cancer are approximately twice as likely to develop subsequent primary ovarian cancer. Conversely, women with ovarian cancer have a 1.6-fold increased risk of subsequent breast cancer.
Beyond BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations, other genetic factors and family history can also increase the risk of both cancers. For instance, having a first-degree relative with either breast or ovarian cancer increases the risk for both cancers. Additionally, hormonal exposure, nulliparity (not having children), hormone replacement therapy (HRT), obesity, and alcohol consumption may also be associated with increased risks for both breast and ovarian cancer.
Individuals with a history of either cancer should work closely with their healthcare team to manage their risk. This may include more frequent and thorough screenings, such as mammograms, breast MRI scans, pelvic exams, transvaginal ultrasounds, and CA-125 blood tests. Genetic testing for BRCA1, BRCA2, and other relevant mutations can be crucial for monitor and preventative strategies. For those carrying genetic mutations, doctors may consider additional options such as prophylactic surgeries.
Managed weight, regular exercise, reduced alcohol intake, and oral contraceptives can help reduce the risk of both breast and ovarian cancer. Achieving and maintaining a moderate weight can lower the risk, while obesity may raise estrogen levels, increasing breast cancer risk. Exercise can aid in maintaining a moderate weight and may have direct anti-cancer effects. Alcohol intake increases breast cancer risk, and the risk increases with higher alcohol consumption. Oral contraceptives may reduce the risk of ovarian cancer but slightly increase the risk of breast cancer.
Research suggests that people with both primary breast cancer and primary ovarian cancer have relatively favorable overall survival rates of around 90% in the 5- and 10-year outlook. The outlook is more positive when the interval between the two diseases is longer. A person's age during their first cancer diagnosis and the time between the two cancers are significant predictors of overall survival.
It's essential to speak with a doctor if signs or symptoms of breast or ovarian cancer appear, especially for those with a personal or family history of these diseases. Early detection and prompt treatment are crucial for improving outcomes. For more evidence-based information and resources for cancer, visit our dedicated hub.
People with ovarian cancer may also have an increased risk of bladder cancer, bile duct cancer, colorectal cancer, acute leukemia, and melanoma of the eye. Breast cancer can metastasize to the ovaries, although this is relatively uncommon. Those at high risk of ovarian cancer include individuals with BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations, a family history of ovarian, breast, or colorectal cancer, Lynch syndrome, endometriosis, never having carried a pregnancy to term, having a late first pregnancy, and being aged over 40 years.
- In cases of Breast and Ovarian cancers, BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations are often implicated, significantly increasing the risk of both medical-conditions.
- Older age, overweight or obesity, and having a first child later in life are common risk factors for both breastcancer and ovarian cancer.
- People who have had breast cancer have a higher risk of developing ovarian cancer, particularly if the breast cancer is linked to genetic mutations such as BRCA1 or BRCA2.
- Beyond BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations, other genetic factors, family history, hormonal exposure, nulliparity, hormone replacement therapy, obesity, and alcohol consumption may also contribute to the risk of both breast and ovarian cancer.
- Managing weight, regular exercise, reducing alcohol intake, and using oral contraceptives can help reduce the risk of both breast and ovarian cancer.
- Those with a history of either breast or ovarian cancer should work closely with their healthcare team for managing risk, which may include more frequent screenings and genetic testing, as well as potential preventative strategies like prophylactic surgeries.
