Connection and Risk Factors of Breast Cancer and Ovarian Cancer
Breast and Ovarian Cancer: What's the Link?
It's no secret that breast and ovarian cancer have a strong connection, primarily due to shared genetic factors. Here's a low-down on this crucial link, sprinkled with insights for safer health practices along the way.
People carrying mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are on high-risk alert, as these mutations can significantly increase the likelihood of developing both breast and ovarian cancers. Interestingly, research shows that around 30% of families with ovarian and breast cancer have BRCA1 gene mutations, while about 20% have BRCA2 mutations[1].
Family history is another critical factor to watch. If you've got a family history of either cancer, particularly in first-degree relatives, then buckle up – you're at a higher risk[2][4].
Various lifestyle factors can also influence the risk of both cancers. Take, for instance, reproductive factors. Early menarche (first menstrual period) and late menopause introduce longer estrogen exposure, potentially increasing the risk[4].
Hormone use is another essential factor, with high exposure to Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) elevating the risk of breast cancer[4]. However, the relationship between ovarian cancer and HRT is less clear-cut.
Maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular physical activity, and reducing alcohol intake are proven ways to minimize lifestyle-related risks for both cancers[4]. Striving for a moderate weight is particularly important, as obesity, while generally linked to reduced risk in breast cancer, can contribute to inflammation and insulin resistance[3][4].
The link between breast and ovarian cancer doesn't end with genetics and lifestyle factors. Both cancers can be influenced by hormone-related factors, such as prolonged estrogen exposure.
Now, here's the kicker – people who have had breast cancer may have an increased risk of developing ovarian cancer[5]. However, this increased risk is primarily due to the underlying genetic factors rather than the disease itself. Furthermore, individuals with ovarian cancer may also risk developing breast cancer[5].
It's crucial to stay vigilant for signs of another cancer after a previous diagnosis, as early detection and prompt treatment are key for improved outcomes[6]. Healthcare professionals may recommend regular screenings, including mammograms, breast MRI scans, pelvic exams, transvaginal ultrasounds, and CA-125 blood tests, as part of a monitoring strategy[6]. Genetic testing for BRCA1, BRCA2, and other relevant mutations can provide valuable insights for monitoring and prevention options[6].
For those carrying genetic mutations, doctors may consider additional safeguards such as prophylactic surgeries to minimize risk[6].
Overall, a 2020 observational study suggests that people with both primary breast cancer and primary ovarian cancer have a relatively favorable prognosis, with 5- and 10-year overall survival rates of around 90%[6]. The outlook tends to be more positive when the interval between the two cancers is longer[6].
If you're worried about your risk or want more information, chat with your healthcare provider[6]. In the meantime, staying informed is empowering – take a closer look at various resources dedicated to cancer information[7].
[1] https://cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetic-changes/brca1-and-brca2-gene-mutations-fact-sheet[2] https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/genetics[3] https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/obesity-overweight[4] https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/alcohol[5] https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/breast-ovarian-link[6] https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/brca-management-pdq[7] https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/breast-cancer/patient-education-resources
Additional Enrichment Data:
- Bladder cancer, bile duct cancer, colorectal cancer, and acute leukemia are some cancers that people with ovarian cancer may also risk developing[7]
- Breast cancer can metastasize (spread) to the ovaries, particularly in advanced-stage breast cancer and in those with hormone receptor-positive tumors or BRCA mutations[7]
- People at a high risk of ovarian cancer may include those carrying BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations, those with a family history of ovarian, breast, or colorectal cancer, those with Lynch syndrome, those with endometriosis, those who have never been pregnant, those who had a late first pregnancy, and those over 40 years of age[7]
- The BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, when carrying mutations, greatly increase an individual's risk of developing both breast and ovarian cancers.
- Around 30% of families with ovarian and breast cancer have BRCA1 gene mutations, while about 20% have BRCA2 mutations.
- Family history of either cancer, particularly in first-degree relatives, raises the risk of breast or ovarian cancer.
- Longer exposure to estrogen, due to factors like early menarche and late menopause, could potentially increase the risk of both breast and ovarian cancers.
- High exposure to Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) heightens the risk of breast cancer, although the relationship between ovarian cancer and HRT is less clear-cut.
- People who have had breast cancer may have an increased risk of developing ovarian cancer, and vice versa, with the increased risk primarily due to underlying genetic factors rather than the disease itself.
