Bladder Neck Obstruction: Symptoms, Origins, Remedies, and Related Information
Bladder neck obstruction is a condition that can cause problems with urine flow. This blockage occurs in the narrow part of the bladder that connects to the urethra, the tube through which urine leaves the body.
In adults, the common causes of bladder neck obstruction include benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in men, leading to enlargement of the prostate gland, and anatomical or functional factors such as tumors, strictures, neurological disorders, pelvic organ prolapse, or certain medications in both sexes.
BPH, a frequent cause in men, leads to obstruction at the bladder neck and consequent urinary retention or obstruction symptoms. Other causes include bladder or urethral tumors, bladder stones or blood clots, urethral strictures or scarring, neurological disorders, prior pelvic or bladder surgery, pelvic organ prolapse in women, and certain medications.
To diagnose bladder neck obstruction, doctors use various methods such as video urodynamic testing, X-rays, ultrasounds, or catheterization.
Treatment options for bladder neck obstruction can vary. In some cases, medications may be used to manage symptoms or improve urine flow. Alpha-blockers, typically prescribed for high blood pressure and BPH, may help treat bladder neck obstruction by relaxing the smooth muscle of the bladder neck. However, some people may find it difficult to continue treatment due to medication side effects.
Surgery may be necessary to remove the obstruction or widen the urethra. Endoscopic surgery is a common method, where surgeons use a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera on one end to cut out the tissue causing the obstruction. People may have general or spinal anesthesia for bladder neck surgery.
If symptoms are mild and not causing significant issues, a doctor may suggest watchful waiting and routine checks. Outcomes for a transurethral incision of the bladder neck (TUIBN) vary depending on the type of incision.
It's important to note that there is no known way to prevent bladder neck obstruction. In females, around 84% of TUIBN procedures are effective with no serious complications.
The outlook for bladder neck obstruction depends on various factors, including symptoms, type of treatment, duration of obstruction, and changes to the upper urinary tract. It is always recommended to consult with a healthcare professional for personalised advice and treatment.
